SOPEP Function In The Shipping World

Ships over 400 GRT are required to follow the rules International Prevention of Marine Pollution which ratification in MARPOL 73/78, especially with the ship sailing in the international ocean.

And one of the MARPOL 73/78 rule is MARPOL Annex 1, which discusses the International Oil Pollution Prevention. In the Regulation 37 of MARPOL Annex 1 states that each tankers over 150 GRT and vessels other than tankers over 400 GRT must have on board a Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP) approved by the Flag Administration or Classification in fact on behalf of the flag admin.

SOPEP in itself will be a guide line how the response of the ships crew in case of oil pollution and how to report, who will be report and what should be report. It also gives a guide line to control discharge action (which consideration based on Navigation Measures and Seamanship Measures).

Oil pollution itself is divided as probably and actual spill. Actual spill is a oil discharge caused damage of vessels body or equipment or to secure the safety purpose vessels or Saving Live at sea or discharge of oil during operation ships, which caused a oil discharge exceeding 15 ppm and in a very excessive amount that will be result ecosystem contamination of sea, coastline and communities with the voyage itself.

Probable spill is a more to direct if immediate action by ship crew is not done secure the system in which failure will cause the oil spill, for example equipment failure (broken oil Hose), failure of operation management, hazard to shipping (rich Dangerous Goods) and going collision.

If the reaction on the situation and condition of the improvement is not made soon will increase the oil spill in the ship and cause loss of strength Structural integrity and make its navigation hazard for traffic flow mentioned vessels.

In the other section in SOPEP also discussed about the prevention measures that must be done before the occurrence of Operational Spill, when bunker oil, or if pipe line leakage occur, tank overflow, hull leakage, spill caused by equipment in Machinery Spaces.

To overcome the operational problems usually in ships should be provided spillpaks in addition to the oil dispersant.
At Spillpak, there are:
Absorbent socks 76 cm. He x 1.2 m (6nos)
Absorbent socks 76 cm. He x 3.66 m (3nos)
Absorbent pads 41 x 51 cm (125nos)
Pillows absorbent (46 x 46 cm) 6nos
and PPE required + disposal bags and manual instructional.
Beyond that usually also in the machinery room in the ship 2x provided Multi purpose absorbent (which can be used as, Pad, Sock, wipe and roll) of cause this tools used prior to oil spill.

In addition to oil spill can caused casualties some of the following:
- Ship grounded / stranded
- Fire and Explosion
- Collision
- Hull Failure
- Excessive Listing
- Ship submerged / foundered / wrecked
- Hazardous vapor release
- Transfer of Bunker / Lightening

In SOPEP advisable to take precautions ekskalasi of that Incident. Immediate action must consider the possibility of a fire and explosion and contamination of crew from the toxic gas because the spill.

SOPEP also include Mitigating Activities action as follows:
- Assessment of the situation and monitoring requirement
- Personnel Protection Issue (Protection equipment, Health and threats to safety, Isolation Procedures, decontamination of personnel, and disposal of removed Oils and clean-up material.

SOPEP also gave guide who should in the report, what the content of report and share responsibility for running ship crew to perform its role in case of oil spill.

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Women Jeans Info

Just info of women clothes about women's jeans trends.

Jeans are the most old and traditional wear for a lot of people all over the world. They are available in many shades of blue and black. Known for their durability, they have a unique feature, they look good as they fade.

Easy to wear jeans have the same kind of look that jeans that are not so easy to wear have. But each of it has a different appeal and a different thing to say. Jeans fashion apparel inspired by the girl next door and designed for you is a fresh designer brand of women’s clothing and designer jeans such as Lee, L.E.I., Levi's, Lucky, Miss Sixty, Mudd, Old Navy, Wrangle, etc which will always be viewed as innovative, contemporary, exciting, in season, in style and as having high quality and ultimately comfortable to wear.

The basic difference between the varieties of Jeans available on the market is how well these jeans fit, especially on the buttocks. Do you know that jeans is worn not just to show off rebellious character, but also to add some voluptuousness to a woman's body? Add a skin hugging jeans, with a low waist and tight short T-shirt and there it is - a sexy appeal. This look is more suitable for skinny people with a suitable height.

When you are petite, you are always fighting the “little girl” look. One way to do that in denim is to go more fashion-forward. Try the skinny jean of the season, not only to call more attention to womanly curves but to “age” yourself the right way. Brown is a very edgy denim color this season, as is black and, more importantly, gray. (You'll look too young in a faded blue jean with rips at the knee.) This edgier style works to lengthen the leg line and make you look taller, and the new color ages you appropriately.

Safety Regulation at The Berth

Below are some of general safety regulation once vessel berthing at port.

• Ensure that a Life-Buoy ring is provided by the accommodation ladder.
• Ensure safety net is fitted to accommodation ladder and access.
• Mooring
• Accommodation ladders (gangways) should remain hanging from the bridle and not be swung out over the wharf. This is to prevent impact between quay cranes and the accommodation ladder. Accommodation ladders should be continuously adjusted to cater for change of draft and tide.
• Mooring lines should be kept tight to ensure that the vessel is alongside parallel to the wharf at all times. In vessels equipped with tension winches, these need to be adjusted to cater for prevailing weather conditions.
• In the event that mooring lines have to be adjusted during container operations, the Berth Operation Superintendent is to be informed to ensure that crane operators are warned of potential change of position of vessel relative to wharf.
• Ensure that rat-guards are maintained on all mooring lines.
• Ensure vessel is ballast to remain upright during container operations to prevent damage when quay crane are long traveling past accommodation and bridge wings.
• Testing of engine is prohibited unless permission is granted from the Berth Operation Superintendent. Container operations are to cease on your own and the adjacent vessel to ensure risk of an accident is minimized during the testing of engines.
• No hot work (welding, oxy-cutting etc) is to be carried out while alongside without permission of the Shift Manager.
• Ship chandlers and other suppliers are not to obstruct container operation.
• Smoking is prohibited in the terminal where marked with a “No Smoking” sign.
• Do not dispose of garbage overboard and ensure that there is no oil spillage while alongside.

Shipping and Forwarding Terminologies

Common Terminologies/Words Used in Shipping, Forwarding and Incoterms

SI	Shipping Intruction
B/L	Bil of Lading
CY	Container Yard
FCL	Full Container Load
LCL	Less than a Container Load
CFS	Container Freight Station
TEU	Twenty Foot Equivalent Units
FEU	Forty Foot Equivalent Units
DOOR TO DOOR	means Shipper's door to Consignee's Door
HOUSE TO HOUSE	same as Door to Door term
I.C.D.	Interior Container Depot
M.L.B.	Mini Land Bridge (For USA Services). Moving cargo from any West Coast port to any East Coast port by means of rail or by truck. E.g. From Los Angelest to New York. Reverse MLB: For west bound shipment, cargo from the east coast, e.g. NYC, is railed to a west coast port e.g. SFO, for shipment out to far east/S.E.A
MICRO-BRIDGE	(For USA Services). Moving cargo from a port to point by carrier, e.g. Los Angeles to Atlanta
IPI	Interior Point Intermodal Reverse IPI: Crago from inland point is being drayed to a east coast port for shipment
OCP	Overland Container Point
SHORTLANDED CARGO	Cargo that was for discharge was not discharged
SHORTSHIPPED	Cargo meant for shipment but which was not shipped
OVERLANDED CARGO	Cargo not meant for discharged but was discharged
SHUT OUT	Cargo intended for loading but intentionally was not loaded
DEMURRAGE	These are charges which are incurred when a loaded container with cargo, or cargo devanned from a container is held at carrier's discharge port CY or CFS at destination point or CFS beyond the permitted time as stipulated in the tariff rule for that particular Port/Point CY/CFS
DETENTION	Thase are charges incurred when a shipper or consignee who holds the container at his premises and do not return the loaded/empty container to the carrier CY within the permitted free time as stipulated in the tariff
STUFFING	Means the Physical placing of cargo into a container
UNSTUFFING	Another term used: Devanning. It mean the Physical removal of cargo from a container
REVENUE TON (R/T)	Means 1000kgs or one cubic meter on which freight is assessed
DDC	Destination Delivery Charge (For USA East Bound Cargo)
TRC	Terminal Receiving Charge (For USA Weast Bound Cargo)
FOB	Free On Board: Consignee has control of routing
CIF	Cost, Insurance, Freight: The Shipper has control of routing
CNF	Cost and Freight: The Shipper has control of routing without Insurance
BAF	Bunker Adjustment Factor
CAF	Currency Adjustment Factor
THC	Terminal Handling Charge
SOC	Shipper Own Container
COC	Carrier Own Container
NVOCC	Non Vessel Owning Common Carrier
T/S	Transhipment
VOY	Voyage
POL	Port Of Loading
POD	Port Of Discharge
ETA	Estimated Time of Arrival
ETD	Estimated Time of Departure
FIOS	Free In and Out Stowed: means all cost for loading and discharging is under cargo's owner responsibility
FIOST	Free In, Out, Stowed and Trimmed
FILO	Free In Liners Out
D.D.P	Delivery Duty Paid, means all the charges incurred at destination e.g. Custums Clearance and duty tax is under Sipper/Seller responsibility
D.D.U	Delivery Duty Unpaid, means all the charges incurred at destination e.g. Custums Clearance and duty tax is under Consignee/Buyer responsibility
E.X.W	EX Work, means all charges incurred from shipper's warehouse at loading port until consignee's warehouse at destination is under Consignee/Buyer responsibility